As the white house prepares to host a major summit this week examining the threat of violent extremism, a southern poverty law center study of domestic terrorism released last week finds that the vast majority of this violence is coming from lone wolves or leaderless resistance groups composed of no more than two people the report age of the wolf. Mathew harwood, study finds rise in lone wolf terrorist attacks since oklahoma city. A comprehensive scholarly overview of most of the significant theories and research on terrorism. They may be influenced or motivated by the ideology and beliefs of an external group and may act in support of such a group. The term lone wolf is typically used by many law enforcement agencies and the media to define those individuals who conduct vicious acts of terrorism. The unstoppable power of leaderless organizations, ori brafman and rod a. Cspan has agreements with retailers that share a small percentage of your. Lone wolf terrorist have become very prevalent over the years. Leaderless resistance comes of age simson garfinkel. Kindle ebooks can be read on any device with the free kindle app. Ultimately, michael suggests that leaderless resistance has become the most common tactical approach of political terrorists in the west and elsewhere. Leaderless resistance comes of age isp211 final paper simson l. A terrifying tour of the history and influence of international neofascists, against the fascist creep maps the connections and names the names, showing how infiltration is a conscious and clandestine program for white nationalist and neonazi groups. Fa lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance af.
While the rise of networked systems has radically changed organizational structures in research, science, and business, one area of particular note is the change in extremist. Pdf click to increase image size click to decrease. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance. In 1989, rightist intellectual william pierce published a book that provides a prophetic description of leaderless resistance in action. Oct 05, 2015 louis beams leaderless resistance strategy seems to be working. For example, world war ii with quotes will give more precise results than world war ii without quotes. The cells do not have any central coordination they are leaderless and they do not have explicit communications with one another.
Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Christopher hewitt, author of understanding terrorism in america. Although the us government is understandably concerned about wellestablished and enduring terrorist organizations, there is a noticeable trend indicating the increasing prevalence of socalled lone wolf attacks by individuals. Regarding overall prevalence, spaaij found that lone wolf terrorism accounted for 1. Leaderless resistance has worked before in the american revolution, and if the truly committed put it to use for themselves, it will work now. Daniel pipes, author of militant islam reaches america george. In all these cases, those carrying out destructive acts operate as lone wolves and small cells, with little or no connection to formal organizations. There is no one universally accepted definition of lone wolf terrorism. George michael argues that independent terrorists like anders behring, timothy mcveigh, and eric robert rudolph represent a new kind of warfare that will become far more prominent in the 21st. Dec 18, 2014 the sydney siege was the latest in a seemingly growing list of lonewolf attacks around the world. Jun 03, 2011 leaderless resistance is the idea of individuals taking their own separate action towards a common effort. Wildcard searching if you want to search for multiple variations of a word, you can substitute a special symbol called a wildcard for one or more letters.
Spencers website endorses leaderless resistance of kkk. It emerged originally as a prescription for irregular warfare against. Leaderless resistance encyclopedia article citizendium. He does so by placing this development in the history of modern warfare, surveying the leaderless resistance phenomenon, and persuasively warning about the danger of lone wolves who engage in terrorism on their own initiative with no traditional command and control hierarchy. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple faq for additional information. Solo terrorism differs from socalled lone wolf terrorism where the perpetrator also acts on hisher own. Phrase searching you can use double quotes to search for a series of words in a particular order. Lone wolf terrorism is a threat to the security of modern society, as was tragically shown in norway on july 22, 2011, when anders behring breivik carried out two terrorist attacks that resulted. The southern poverty law center is a nonprofit organization. Those who join organizations to play lets pretend or who are groupies will quickly. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Nic may have escaped enslavement in the mines outside of rome, but his troubles are far from over. The southern poverty law center s study of the nature of these attacks is based on the following 63 incidents, which occurred. While strategies of terrorists change to lone wolf tactics, the tools and weapons they use change as well, keeping pace with technological innovations.
Aug 15, 2012 and in the longer term, he regards all of it as the possible harbinger of a new mode of warfare in which a lone wolf combatants have a decisive part with leaderless resistance already a major factor in shaping the globalizedyetfragmented 21st century. In its original sense, a lone wolf is an animal or person that generally lives or. Leaderless resistance and terrorism or terrorist individual terrorism solo or lone or single and actor and terrorism or terrorist definitions. Featuring four interworking ride systems in conjunction with audio. Pdf leaderless resistance, networked organization, and. Leaderless resistance and the loneliness of lone wolves downloaded by 38. The new face of terrorism article pdf available in defence studies 122. The concept lone wolf was originally introduced by the american white supremacists as a kind of request for making individual racist assaults. He does so by placing this development in the history of modern warfare, surveying the leaderless resistance phenomenon, and persuasively warning about the danger of lone wolves who engage in terrorism on their own initiative with no traditional commandandcontrol hierarchy. A lone wolf, in brief, is an individual or small group of individuals who use traditional terrorist tactics including violence and the targeting of civilians towards the achievement of explicitly political or ideological goals, but who act without membership or cooperation with an official or unofficial terrorist organization, cell or group. The sydney siege was the latest in a seemingly growing list of lone wolf attacks around the world. The rise of new media and technology like the internet has made it easier than ever for. Beckstrom identify various decentralized networks that have prevailed despite efforts to destroy them, such as the apache indians, the al qa.
There have been three highprofile hate crimes committed this summer and. In addition to providing an analysis of these socalled lone wolf terrorists, this paper proposes a range of counter terrorism measures to address this threat. Louis beams leaderless resistance strategy seems to be working. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance by. Trends and developments in lone wolf terrorism in the. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance kindle. One of the first indepth analyses of lone wolf terrorism, this publication sets out to answer these questions. Drawing on extensive international data and qualitative case studies, it examines the global patterns in and key features of lone wolf terrorism over the past four decades. Dec 15, 2012 the topic of leaderless resistance lone wolf terrorism is certainly a significant issue at the present time to both policy makers and academics. Rise of the resistance is an attraction at star wars. Galaxys edge at disneys hollywood studios and disneyland. Leaderless resistance, or phantom cell structure, is a social resistance strategy in which small, independent groups covert cells, or individuals a solo cell is called a lone wolf, challenge an established institution such as a law, economic system, social order, or government. In the wake of her murder, multiple neonazi and altright websites have been kicked off their platforms and numerous attendees of the. Nprs eric westervelt reports on leaderless resistance, a popular tactic advocated by white supremacist groups.
An analysis of several dozen incidents of apparent lone wolf violence from the past two decades in the united states, incidents in which suspected lone wolves actually succeeded in killing at least one person, reveals some patterns and similarities among lone wolf offenders. Read lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance by george michael available from rakuten kobo. The myth of the lone wolf terrorist news the guardian. The lethality of lonewolf terrorism has reached an alltime high in the united states. Amoss died more than fifteen years ago, but during his life was a tireless opponent of communism, as well as a skilled intelligence officer. On july 22, 2011, anders behring breivik detonated a car bomb in downtown oslo, norway. A lone actor, loneactor terrorist, or lone wolf is someone who prepares and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group. Beam, who was a member of both the ku klux klan and the aryan. The terms leaderless resistance or phantom cells generally refer to spontaneous, autonomous, unconnected cells seeking to carry out acts of violence, sabotage, or terrorism against a government or occupying military force. Garfinkel 1 an introduction to leaderless resistance most terrorist groups have a pyramid structure similar to a modern corporation.
Nielsen online book or download in pdf hi, very glad to meet you all my booklover friends. One of the major advantages in leaderless resistance is that jihadists can seriously disrupt the functions of a community or state without having to resort to the scale of 911style attacks in order to be effective. Expert meeting paper expert meeting lone wolves november 2010 dr. Isolated individuals using firearms with highcapacity magazines are committing brutally efficient killings with the aim. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance ebook by. The topic of leaderless resistance lone wolf terrorism is certainly a significant issue at the present time to both policy makers and academics. A lone wolf terrorist is an individual who commits terrorist acts alone without the help of any terrorist organizations or groups. It goes almost without saying that leaderless resistance leads to very small or even one man cells of resistance. The praetor warthe battle to destroy rome from withinis in full force, and nic is caught in the crossfire. The concept has been inspired from socalled leaderless resistance which is. Lone wolf terrorism a brief bibliography homeland security.
This compilation was prepared by the homeland security digital library, naval postgraduate school, center for homeland defense and security. Michaels thoroughly wellargued book concludes with a poignant, yet worrisome, statement, a few angry people now have the potential to cause unprecedented destruction. Now you can get access full pages just join free to be a member. The threat from solo terrorism and lone wolf terrorism 5. The author examines the concept of lone wolf terrorism, or what is sometimes referred to as leaderless resistance which is based on the idea that after determining there is a political agenda that they wish to express, individuals, or a small group take action that is violent. Beam mentored domestic terrorists, popularized the concept of leaderless resistance, and helped guide the white supremacist movement into the computer age. Breivik, law enforcement officers continue to face enormous challenges, especially when it comes to formulating a viable applicable strategyto identify lone. Criminal history beam was arrested in the early 1970s in houston and charged in connection with the bombing of a leftwing pacifica radio station and a machinegun attack on the local. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Dec 08, 2011 how can lone wolf terrorism be effectively countered. Similarly, in the 1980s, the concept of leaderless resistance became popular among american white supremacists, along with environmental and animal rights groups. This study also reveals that the vast majority of this violence is coming from lone wolves or leaderless resistance groups, most of the latter composed of just two men. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or. Ulius louis amoss, who was the founder of international service of information incorporated, located in baltimore, maryland. Leaderless resistance, as emphasized in american rightwing extremism by louis beam, is the idea of violence against government or other targets e. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance is an excellent study into the psychology of the lone wolf terrorist, and well contrasted with the members of. Pdf leaderless resistance and the loneliness of lone wolves. Spaaij identified peaks in the occurrence of lone wolf terrorism in the 80s when american rightwing thinkers focused on leaderless resistance and lone wolfism, and in the early 2000s after jihadists picked upon similar ideas during the late 1990s, as exemplified by abu musab alsuris strategic writings. The plots a timeline of terror in the last six years, incidents of domestic terrorism in the united states have been overwhelmingly carried out by solitary lone wolves or leaderless groups of just two people. It emerged originally as a prescription for irregular warfare against invading communist troops in the early 1960s. And in the longer term, he regards all of it as the possible harbinger of a new mode of warfare in which a lonewolf combatants have a decisive part with leaderless resistance already a major factor in shaping the globalizedyetfragmented 21st century. When i created the sons of liberty academy it was created with the sole purpose of educating individuals with information that is usually only reserved for the generals of a movement. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance hardcover.
Leaderless definition of leaderless by the free dictionary. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance kindle edition by george michael. Leaderless resistance, or phantom cell structure, is a social resistance strategy in which small, independent groups covert cells, including individuals a solo cell called a lone wolf, challenge an established institution such as a law, economic system, social order, government, et cetera. Lone wolf terrorists rarely if ever inflict the kind of damage that alqaeda inflicted on 911, but unlike alqaeda, lone wolf terrorists can come from anywhere. Lone wolf terrorism download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. I have just modified 6 external links on leaderless resistance. The concept of leaderless resistance was proposed by col.
Then he considers ecoterrorist applications of leaderless resistance, the effects of the soviet collapse on global security, the power of the internet to both hinder and facilitate insurgent efforts, and the dangers of superempowered individuals with wmds. The new face of terrorism g e o r g e m i c h a e l over the past several years, the face of terrorism has undergone substantial change. Leaderless resistance and lone wolf terrorism are concepts that have steadily gained importance in the study of oppositional subcultures and terrorist groups, being used to describe. On july 22, 2011, anders behring breivik detonated a car bomb in downtown oslo. The notion came from the idea that the topdown pyramid structure used by white vanguard organizations were easy to be infiltrated and instead advocated a phantom cell model that lacks any kind of centralized control.
The attractiona combined trackless dark ride, walkthrough, motion simulator, and drop ride system puts guests into the middle of an altercation between the resistance and the first order. Ulius amoss as a tactic to allow citizens to resist a communist takeover, the idea was popularized by white supremacist leader louis beam. In the light of aggravating attacks from lone wolf terroristsfollowed by the rise of aggressive rightwing factions such as a. He didnt stop there, traveling several hours from the city to ambush a youth camp while the rest of norway was distracted by his earlier attack. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Lone wolf terror and the rise of leaderless resistance c. Graaf examine the rise of terrorist acts perpetrated by individuals. May, 20 george michael argues that independent terrorists like anders behring, timothy mcveigh, and eric robert rudolph represent a new kind of warfare that will become far more prominent in the 21st. Islamist groups, rightwing white supremacists, abortion foes, and separatists of various stripes have all used this tactic with varying degrees of success. The topic of leaderless resistancelone wolf terrorism is certainly a significant issue at the present time to both policy makers and academics. Domestic terrorism and related radical violence as opposed to terrorist attacks emanating from abroad continue to plague the nation.